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Mar 2026 — Week 2

· @r2jamong .md

Weekly Ethereum Research Report (2026-03-09 ~ 2026-03-13)

TL;DR

  • Bottom line: With ACDE #232 call notes still unpublished and Forkcast unchanged for 23 consecutive days, EF's "Harden the L1" and Lido Earn plus CSM slashing emerged as core issues for protocol priorities and operator economics.
  • Numbers: Six protocol calls were held this week, Lido EarnETH/EarnUSD recorded $150M+ in initial deposits, and the CSM slashing involved 6 validators with <1 ETH in losses covered by operator bonds.
  • Action: Researchers and operators should prioritize tracking the publication of ACDE #232 call notes, ACDC #177 on 3/19, the stVaults 0% fee deadline (3/31), and the follow-on impact of EarnETH/EarnUSD and the CSM bond mechanism.

Top 3 Takeaways

  1. ACDE #232 was held, but call notes remain unpublished, extending the freeze in EIP inclusion status to 23 consecutive days — whether EIP-8141 Frame Transaction has been officially confirmed as the Hegota headliner remains unverified.

    자세히 읽기

    ACDE #232 on 3/12 discussed design updates to EIP-8141 Frame Transaction (the default account concept, APPROVE compatibility, and native EOA support) and concerns around EIP-8037 gas complexity (Erigon raising the "four-dimensional gas" problem). However, Meeting232.md remained unpublished through Friday, so Forkcast recorded zero status changes for 23 consecutive days. EIP-8141 showed a positive signal by committing two rapid spec updates on the day of the call (adding approval bits and organizing frame access opcodes).

  2. EF announced episode 1 of the "Harden the L1" protocol cluster, formalizing post-quantum security, censorship resistance, and network resilience as protocol priorities, while the official Ethereum account posted a 22-part Neo-Cypherpunk privacy narrative.

    자세히 읽기

    EF released "Harden the L1" as the first episode of the "Protocol Cluster Priorities" series, which structures protocol development priorities, setting post-quantum cryptography, censorship resistance (FOCIL, ePBS), and network resilience as official agenda items. At the same time, the official Ethereum X account emphasized privacy as a core value through a 22-part Neo-Cypherpunk series, supporting the legitimacy of privacy EIPs such as EIP-8182 Privacy Pool.

  3. Lido formally launched EarnETH/EarnUSD vaults ($250M+ deposited) and completed real-world validation of the bond mechanism through a CSM slashing incident (6 validators, <1 ETH loss) — the stVaults 0% fee deadline (3/31) has compressed to D-18.

    자세히 읽기

    With the Lido Earn brand relaunch, the EarnETH + EarnUSD vaults launched and achieved $150M+ in initial deposits, while the DAO activated a $5M senior loss mechanism. Meanwhile, 6 validator slashings occurred in CSM, but operator bonds fully covered the losses, proving the bond mechanism's real-world effectiveness. As the stVaults 0% infrastructure fee deadline (3/31) approaches at D-18, pressure is increasing for operators to transition their fee structures.


1. Roadmap/Upgrade Change Highlights

Glamsterdam (devnets progressing in parallel)

Item Status This week's change
EIP-7732 (ePBS) Scheduled epbs-devnet-0 in progress. Teku/Nimbus not yet joined
EIP-7928 (BAL) Scheduled bal-devnet-2 wrapping up, bal-devnet-3 in progress
EIP-8037 (State Creation Gas) Considered Erigon raised "four-dimensional gas" complexity concerns (ACDE #232)
EIP-8178 (SSZ Engine API) Newly registered Binary SSZ Engine API benchmark: 3~20x faster encoding than JSON
Overall gas repricing 20 Considered items Forkcast unchanged for 23 consecutive days

Hegota (AA headliner competition intensifies)

Item Status This week's change
EIP-7805 (FOCIL) Scheduled FOCIL #30 Breakout held. IL strategy analysis (Top Fee ~92% overlap → hybrid approach recommended)
EIP-8141 (Frame Transaction) Discussed at ACDE #232 → call notes unpublished Added default account, APPROVE compatibility, approval bits, and organized frame access opcodes. Confirmation status unverified
EIP-8130 (Permissionless Payer) Proposed Permissionless payer update
EIP-8175 (Composable Transaction) Newly registered Nethermind proposal. Forms a three-way AA headliner race (EIP-8130 vs EIP-8141 vs EIP-8175)

Fusaka / PQ (stable + technically maturing)

Item Status
Fusaka Included Maintained at 13 items
blob-devnet-0 In progress
PQ Interop #030 devnet-5 signature design: adopted "2 keys per validator." ZK-friendly encoding remains a blocking issue

New EIP/ERC appearances

EIP/ERC Name Meaning
EIP-8175 Composable Transaction Nethermind-proposed AA headliner candidate (three-way race)
EIP-8178 Binary SSZ Transport for Engine API Standardizes CL-EL SSZ communication
EIP-8189 snap/2 Snap v2 protocol officially registered as an EIP (BAL-based state healing)
EIP-8159 eth/71 Response Cap Response size limit reduced from 10MiB to a 2MiB soft cap

2. EIP Status Changes (Forkcast Monday 3/9 vs Friday 3/13)

Summary of upgrade inclusion status changes

Change type Count
Official stage changes 0
Substantive progress (not reflected in Forkcast) 3 — EIP-8189 snap/2 registration, EIP-8175 Composable Tx registration, EIP-8141 rapid spec updates

Forkcast unchanged for 23 consecutive days (since 2/20). Because ACDE #232 (3/12) call notes remain unpublished, reflection of official status continues to be delayed. The next possible change point is after the call notes are published or ACDC #177 (3/19).

Status by upgrade (as of 3/13)

Upgrade Scheduled Considered Included Declined Withdrawn
Glamsterdam 2 (7732, 7928) 20 - 33 4
Hegota 1 (7805) 0 - - 1 (8105)
Fusaka - - 13 - -
Pectra - - 12 (completed) - -

A total of 118 items are being tracked. No change from Monday to Friday.


3. Major Validator/Infrastructure Issues

Direct impact on validator operations

Priority Item Details Timing
Urgent Lido EarnETH/EarnUSD vault launch DAO $5M senior loss mechanism. $150M+ initial deposits 3/13
Urgent CSM slashing incident 6 validators, <1 ETH loss. Bond mechanism real-world validation completed 3/13
Urgent stVaults 0% fee deadline D-18 (3/31 deadline). Pressure to transition operator fee structures In progress
Mid-term EF DVT-lite 72K ETH Confirmed by Vitalik. Direction for protocol-level DVT implementation Confirmed 3/10
Mid-term Lido Q4 2025 validator metrics DVT grew 4x YoY (711,456 ETH). Geth 37% vs Nethermind 39%. Gini coefficient 0.001 3/12
Mid-term SenseiNode stVault Professional support First curated-to-stVault transition case 3/11
Mid-term A41 node operations ending Possible Curated Set seat vacancy 3/12
Long-term GhostPool encrypted mempool ZK-based sender anonymization. Extended to metadata protection Proposed 3/10

Infrastructure monitoring status

Item Status This week's change
ePBS devnet-0 Interop in progress PTC lookahead issue being resolved. Teku/Nimbus not yet joined
BAL devnet-2/3 Running in parallel devnet-2 wrapping up, devnet-3 in progress
blob-devnet-0 In progress ACDT #073 review completed
Snap v2 proposal New BAL-based state healing — round trips shortened from 100s to 2~3. EIP-8189 officially registered
Binary SSZ Engine API Benchmark 3~20x encoding speed versus JSON, 2x reduction in wire size
EIP-8159 eth/71 Spec change Response hard cap reduced 80%, from 10MiB to a 2MiB soft cap
ACDT #074 Cancellation candidate 3/16 call expected to be canceled if there are no urgent agenda items

4. Key Protocol Call Decisions

Six calls held this week:

Date Call Number Key outcome
3/9 (Mon) ACDT #073 Concurrent review of 3 devnets (epbs-devnet-0, bal-devnet-2/3, blob-devnet-0). Confirmed eth/71 cap adjustment
3/9 (Mon) RPC Standards #022 Versioning model finalized. Error code discussion ongoing
3/10 (Tue) FOCIL Breakout #030 IL strategy analysis: Top Fee ~92% overlap (bandwidth waste) → hybrid + 0-slot delay recommended. CL/EL testing officially started
3/11 (Tue) PQ Interop #030 devnet-5 signature: adopted "2 keys per validator." ZK-friendly encoding blocking
3/11 (Tue) zkEVM #002 Tamago project update
3/12 (Thu) ACDE #232 Discussed EIP-8141 design updates, EIP-8037 gas complexity concerns (Erigon), and SSZ Engine API. Call notes unpublished

Details of major technical decisions

1. ACDE #232 — confirmation deferred because call notes are unpublished:

  • EIP-8141 Frame Transaction: Felix Lange presented design updates for the default account concept and APPROVE compatibility
  • EIP-8037: Erigon raised the "four-dimensional gas" complexity issue — highlighting the need to simplify the gas model
  • SSZ Engine API: multi-client implementation discussed
  • On the day of the call, approval bits + frame access opcodes spec commits landed for EIP-8141 → positive signal

2. FOCIL #030 — IL strategy optimization:

  • Analysis based on BlockNative data: Top Fee strategy has ~92% overlap (bandwidth-inefficient), while Censorship-Only has ~60% (still inefficient)
  • Hybrid approach + 0-slot delay recommended as the optimal combination
  • Besu/Teku/Lodestar client implementations progressing, CL/EL testing officially started

3. PQ Interop #030 — practical signature design decision:

  • Adopted "2 keys per validator" as the devnet-5 signature method (removing one-time signature constraints)
  • ZK-friendly encoding implementation is delayed indefinitely — remains a blocking issue

Date Recommendation 1 Recommendation 2 Top score
3/9 ACDE #232 preview — Glamsterdam gas repricing + AA headliner Vitalik's DAO democracy — ZK governance tools 0.914
3/10 GhostPool — ZK-based sender-anonymizing encrypted mempool EF 72K ETH DVT-lite — institutional staking standardization 0.896
3/11 Snap v2 — BAL-based evolution of node sync architecture SenseiNode stVault Professional transition — Lido V3 operator landscape 0.896
3/12 ACDE #232 outcome analysis — AA headliner confirmation Lido Q4 2025 validator metrics — Curated Operator entry benchmark 8.90
3/13 EF "Harden the L1" official start — PQ, censorship resistance, resilience Lido Earn expansion + CSM slashing — real-world validation of the bond mechanism 9.45

Priority writing targets selected

Rank Topic Rationale
1 EF "Harden the L1" — post-quantum, censorship-resistance, and network-resilience framework First episode of EF's official protocol priority series + direct validator/operator impact + linked to Neo-Cypherpunk narrative + gap in Korean-language analysis
2 Lido Earn + CSM slashing — real-world validation of stVaults economics EarnETH/EarnUSD launch + CSM bond real-world validation + stVaults 0% fee deadline (D-18) + directly tied to curated operator goals
3 Three-way AA headliner race — EIP-8130 vs EIP-8141 vs EIP-8175 Competitive landscape forming across 3 EIPs + waiting for ACDE #232 discussion outcome + key variable in determining the Hegota fork structure

6. Key Schedule for Next Week

Date Event Key agenda
3/16 (Mon) ACDT #074 Cancellation candidate — cancel if no urgent agenda items. If canceled, next ACDT is 3/23
3/17 (Tue) FCR #005 Discussion of integrated sequencing for the ePBS/FOCIL block pipeline. 11:00 UTC
3/18 (Tue) PQ Interop #031 (expected) devnet-3 progress + ZK encoding timeline update
3/19 (Thu) ACDC #177 Glamsterdam CL discussion + Hegota timeline — resumes after a 4-week gap due to ACDC #176 cancellation
3/24 (Tue) FOCIL #031 Further specification of IL hybrid strategy design
TBD ACDE #232 call notes published Confirm whether EIP-8141 is the headliner + confirm gas repricing decisions

Biggest watch point for next week: The timing of ACDE #232 call note publication is the top priority — it will determine the end of the 23-day EIP freeze and whether EIP-8141 is officially confirmed as the Hegota headliner. ACDC #177 on 3/19 resumes CL discussion after a 4-week gap, and is expected to cover the FOCIL devnet-0 timeline and the Glamsterdam CL fork schedule. FCR #5 (3/17) will discuss how to integrate the block pipelines of ePBS and FOCIL.


Weekly Key Metrics

Metric Last week (3/6) This week (3/13) Change
Glamsterdam Scheduled 2 items 2 items -
Glamsterdam Considered 20 items 20 items - (23 days unchanged)
Hegota Scheduled 1 item 1 item -
Hegota EL headliner Breakout held ACDE #232 discussion completed (call notes unpublished) Waiting for confirmation
AA headliner competition EIP-8141 likely Three-way race (EIP-8130/EIP-8141/EIP-8175) EIP-8175 newly joined
Fusaka Included 13 items 13 items -
Weekly protocol calls 7 calls + 1 cancellation 6 calls ACDT#73, RPC#22, FOCIL#30, PQI#30, zkEVM#2, ACDE#232
Forkcast status changes 0 (16 days) 0 (23 days) 7 additional days frozen
Lido operator changes 3 3 SenseiNode stVault, A41 ending, CSM slashing
Lido Earn Planned launch EarnETH/EarnUSD formally launched $150M+ deposited
PQ Devnet Devnet-3→4 started devnet-5 signature design decided Adopted "2 keys per validator"
New EIP registrations 6 4 EIP-8175, EIP-8178, EIP-8189, EIP-8159

Written by: @r2jamong
Data sources: ethereum/pm, ethereum/forkcast, Ethereum Magicians, ethresear.ch, research.lido.fi